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International Relations
International Treaties
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UPSC Prelims 2022 Paper-1 📅 05 Jun, 2022

With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea (UNCLOS), consider the following statements:
1. A coastal state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines determined in accordance with the convention.
2. Ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea.
3. The Exclusive Economic Zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A
(a) 1 and 2 only
B
(b) 2 and 3 only
C
(c) 1 and 3 only
D
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Result Summary
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UPSC Prelims
2022 • 05 Jun, 2022 • Paper-1
With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea (UNCLOS), consider the following statements:
1. A coastal state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baselines determined in accordance with the convention.
2. Ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea.
3. The Exclusive Economic Zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.

Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct Answer
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Territorial Limits: Statement 1 is correct. UNCLOS explicitly guarantees coastal nations the legal, sovereign authority to officially claim and enforce a territ......
Ref/Book : UPSC Prelims 2022
Ref. Subject International Relations
Chapter -
Ref. Topic International Treaties
Pg. No -
💡 Analysis & Explanation
Territorial Limits ▼
Statement 1 is correct. UNCLOS explicitly guarantees coastal nations the legal, sovereign authority to officially claim and enforce a territorial sea extending to a strict maximum of 12 nautical miles from their baselines.
Transit Rights ▼
Statement 2 is correct. The convention fiercely protects global maritime trade by ensuring that vessels of all nations, explicitly including land-locked countries, possess the inalienable right of peaceful, non-threatening innocent passage through these territorial waters.
Economic Boundaries ▼
Statement 3 is correct. A nation's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), which grants exclusive exploitation rights over underlying marine and seabed resources, is rigidly capped by the treaty at exactly 200 nautical miles from the identical baseline.
Conclusion ▼
All three statements perfectly align with the core regulatory frameworks established by UNCLOS.
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